Improvement in electric telegraphing



s. P. VAN' CHOATE. BLBGTRIGTBLEGRAPH.

Patented Mar. 13, 1860.

461" Jim.

Jn/ela im.'

'site sides of a street,

- tween them being quite immaterial,

UNITED l STATES PATENT OFFICE.

S. F. VAN OHOATE, OF YREKA, CALIFORNIA.

lMPR'OVEM'ENT lN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 27.506, dated March 13, 1860.

l'o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, S. F.' VAN GHOATE, of

AYreka, inthe county of` Siskiyou and State of California, have inventeda new and useful Improvement in Electric Telegraphs, which is also applicable to other-electric apparatus;

' and Ido hereby declare that the following is la full, clear7 and exact description of the same,

reference being had to theaccompanyin g drawings, torming part of this specification.

Theprincipal object ot my invention is to effeet a repetition ot' the signals from one line of lelectric telegraph toanother in such a manner as to enable the operator at any station on one line to write orv send messages to any orevery station on'ianother line or its branches, and to vthesignals from either line tothe other. Figs.

.2 and3 are diagrams illustrative of the action of my system of connections. i

C is the main wire of one line, and C' the main wire of the other line.

M is the relay magnet at a station on the line C, and M the relaymagnetat a station'on the other line, C'.

R and R represent the registers or Sounders 'at the two stations.

L B and L, B' represent the two local bat, teries. The connections between the several parts of the apparatus at each station are the same as are commonly employed in Morscs telegraph.

The keys are not shown, but are supposed. to be arranged and applied inthe usual maniler. i

The lines C and C may be supposed to pass through the same oilice, or to pass onjoppoor not to approach each other within several miles, the distance be- The system of connections which constitutes my invention is made in the following manner, wh1cl1"1s,,for the most part, illustrated by red lines, representing Wires or other conductors in Fig. l1.

In each main line, near where it connects with one ot' the nelicesofits respective relay-v magnets, I provide anopening, l g,.which is` opened and closed by afswitch, D or D. From that end g of the switch-opening of the line O which is next its respective relay-magnet M, I lead a wire, c, across to the screw-cup a.' ot' the local circuit of the relay-magnet M of the other line, C', and lead another wire, d, from the screw-cup 'b' of the same local circuit back to a stud, e, with which theswitch D of the line C may be brought in contact by opening the line C.' I then proceed to lead a. wire, c', in the same manner from that endg of the switch-opening in the line C' that is next its respective relay-magnet M across to the screw, cup b of the local circuit of the relay-magnet M, and another wire, d', back lfrom the screw--v` cup a of that local circuit, back to astud, e', arranged near the switch-opening of the line C. The wires c d c' d may, for the sake of dis tinction, be termed repeating-wires.

The switches D D' are so arranged that'each may close its respective main line, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, so that the currents will pass over -it without passing through the repeating-wires connected with its opening, or that each may open its respective main line and connect it with its respective repeatingwire dor d', as shown in bold outline in Fig. 1, so that the circuit of the main line may be completed through the `repeating -wires and the local-circuit wire of the station on the other In making the connections at the screw-cups b and a b', in which it will be seen'by reference to Fig. 1 that the ends of the wires c d, which form part of main circuit of the line C, meet the'local-circnit wire of the line C', and the ends of the wiresc' d', which form part of the main circuit, C', meet the local-circuit wire of the line (l, care must be taken that positive poles of thefmain circuits meet positive poles -of the local circuits, and vice versa.

In the drawings the positive poles are supposed tomeet in the cups a a and the negative poles in the cups b b. The reason fortliis will be explained in theexplanation of the operation oi the repeater, which is as follows:

To place the two lines in condition for'repetition the switches D D on both are placed in the posit ons represen ted in Figxlin boldoutlinetliat i to say, to connect the repeating-wires c d and c d with the ends of the switch-openings of their respective lines C C. While both main` circuits remain closed, as they are till an operator on one line opens it by his key, the main circuit of the line C takes the course inl dicated by the black arrows f f and "that of the line C the' course indicated by the black arrows f j", the circuit in each main line being completed through the armature h ofI the relay-magnet of the other line and theshcrt wires which connect the cups a a' and b b4 with the armatures 7i h and the posts t i, against which said armatures are respectively held by the magnetism induced inthe magnets M M by their own main circuits. f

It will b e 'seen by .reference to Fig. 1 that the main circuit of each (line from a tob or from a to bi'sfernied by the same conductors as the local circuit of the opposite line, the course of they local circuits of the line C being indicated lby red arrows j j and of that of C by red arrows 7" j. Whe-n an operatoron either `line =--s,up]lj)ose', for instance, the line O-opens 'his key,th'e.relay'inagnet Mot that line ceases to attract'its armature, which falls-back from the post t' and breaks the? local circuit of that line and the main circuit of the opposite line, C', between the armature andthe post; but yet these circuits both remain closed, for the two are connected by the cups a and b, though, ow-

ing to the arrangement of the connections with regard to polarity in those cups,-as described,

. and indicated by arrows, a repulsion is caused to take place in l'thesaid cups between the two currents, which is equivalent to breaking the circuit of the main line C', the armature of every one of'whose relay-magnets M' is thereby caused to fall back from the posti and open ture is caused again tocomplete both the main circuit of the line G and 4the local circuit of C, and hence both currents tlow through the armature again, as before described, andthe relay-magnets M ofthe lineC attract their armatures again, and so close their local circuits. In this Way the signal is repeated all along the line C. The opening and' closing of any key on the line C' is caused to produce thessame eect throughout the line Castile opening of a key on the latter produces throughoutthe former line. Inthis operationfit-may 'be 0bserved that the current of the local circuit does not pass through the main Yline, nor does .the current of the main line ever passthrou gh the whole of the local circuit.

To make the aboredescribcd action of the main circuit of each line, 'in connection with the local circuit of the opposite line, to eil'ect the repetition from one line to the other clearer than it is in Fig. 1, I have-represented the diagrams, Figs. 2 and', representing thetwo circuits unincnmbered by any instruments. The short space between the points a and b represents the space occupied by the armature of the relay-magnet and the short wiresiconnecting said armature and the post fi withtle cups a b, and the black arrows indicate the course of the main circuit andthe redones the course of the local circuit. When the short lspace is closed, as shwnffinFig. 2, the currents of the main and local` circuits pass from ato b, as indicated by arrows, without interrupting each other; but whenA the said .space is open, asshown in Fig..3, the' currents meeting at a, a repulsion takes place between them, and hence, though .neither circuit isactually broken, each being completed'by the wires of theother, the ect will be tbemsame asthough both were broken.

This system of connections may be used on telegraph-lines using various descriptions ot' instruments for making and recordingthe 'l signal-s; butit is obvious that the local -circuit and relay-magnet are indispensable. The systern of connections is only necessary between one station of one and one station of the other of `'any two lines to be connected, and 'in the connections of branch lines will be appliedat their junction with the lines towhich Athey form branches. The same Asystem of connections is applicable to other purposes than -tele- What I claim as my invention, and desire to' secure by Letters Patent, is Y .1.` The employmentof a system of connections, substantiallyjas herein described, con` necting the main circuit of one line of electric telegraph and the local circuit `of another line in such manner that by openingthe main ci rcuit of one line the current of its local circuit-shall produce an interruption to the current of the main circuit of the other line by repulsive-'action, as herein specified.

2. The employment ot a `substantially-simil lar system, ot' connections operating in asnbstantially similar. manner, to render auy'elec' tric circuit continuons or interruptedfat, pleasure by the closing and openn g of another and entirely'separate circuit. I

.Witnesses: l

CHs.-M. HUGHES, Tiros. PETINGALE. y

s. F. VAN CBOATE. 

